The Nevada ghost town where silver miners lived next to 225-million-year-old marine fossils

The Ghost Town of Berlin, Nevada

In 1863, silver seekers found their prize in Union Canyon and sparked a mining rush that lasted nearly 50 years.

Berlin emerged in 1897 as the crown jewel of the district, housing 250 people who pulled $849,000 worth of precious metal from three miles of tunnels. A worker strike in 1907 ended the boom, and by 1911 the town was empty.

Here’s the story of Nevada’s best kept mining secret, now preserved as Berlin-Ichthyosaur State Park where you can walk through original buildings.

The Early Prospectors Who Found Silver

State Senator T.J. Bell started the Berlin Mine in 1895 and began taking silver from the area. This work laid the groundwork for the town that followed.

Berlin was named after Germany’s capital because many prospectors came from there. These Europeans brought mining skills from their homeland to Nevada’s desert.

Early mining in the area had limited success. Small operations struggled until bigger companies invested money and equipment.

Berlin was part of the silver rush that gave Nevada its nickname “The Silver State,” which began with the 1858 Comstock Lode find near Virginia City.

When The Nevada Company Took Control

New York businessman John G. Stokes owned the Nevada Company that bought the Berlin Mine and nearby claims in 1898. This purchase turned the small camp into a proper company town.

Berlin grew under Nevada Company control, enjoying ten years of success until 1908. During this time, silver and gold steadily flowed from the mines.

The company ran everything from offices in Austin, Nevada. From there, managers also directed mining at other sites in Gabbs Valley and Downeyville.

As a company town, Berlin stayed under Nevada Company ownership long after mining stopped. This protected the buildings until the state bought the site in 1970.

Construction Of The 30-Stamp Mill

The Nevada Company built a 30-stamp mill in 1898 to process ore from the Berlin Mine. This large facility became central to the mining operation.

Workers took parts from two older mills—Knickerbocker and Pioneer—and moved them to Berlin for the new mill. Recycling equipment was common in remote mining towns.

The mill processed ore through several steps: crushing rocks, pounding them with stamps, using mercury to collect gold, and separating minerals on tables. This turned raw ore into valuable metal.

Today, the well-preserved mill stands within the state park, considered one of Nevada’s best examples of this mining technology.

Growth Of A Desert Mining Community

Berlin reached about 250-300 residents by 1905. The community included miners, woodcutters, charcoal makers, and various service workers.

Buildings formed a U-shape opening toward the east, with about 75 structures at its peak. These included both work buildings and homes.

The Berlin post office opened July 10, 1900, making the settlement official. Mail service connected this isolated mining town to the outside world.

Berlin’s workforce included essential professionals: a doctor, a nurse, a forest ranger, and at least one prostitute who served the mostly male population.

Life Inside The Berlin Mine

Miners entered the Berlin Mine through a sloped tunnel connecting eight underground levels. They dug three miles of tunnels following veins of precious metal.

The mine produced about $849,000 worth of gold and silver during its life. This was substantial considering gold sold for just $20 per ounce then.

The Berlin Mine connected to the Diana Mine at the fourth level, making an extensive underground network. The Diana section now serves as a museum showing old mining methods.

Mining was dangerous work. Men faced cave-ins, bad air, and toxic materials while extracting ore from deep underground.

The 1907 Miners’ Strike That Changed Everything

Berlin miners stopped work in 1907, demanding higher pay from the Nevada Company. This action showed growing worker organization in western mining towns.

The company claimed it couldn’t afford to pay more despite making good profits. Managers refused to talk with the striking workers.

This standoff shut down both mining and milling operations. Production stopped as neither side would compromise.

The strike happened during the financial Panic of 1907, a nationwide economic crisis. This combination of local labor problems and broader money troubles sped up Berlin’s decline.

How The Town Survived After The Strike

A few stubborn residents stayed in Berlin until 1909 despite the mine closure. These holdouts hoped for better times that never fully came.

Two businessmen named Parman and Feenaman leased the property in 1909. They reopened the mine and mill for about a year before giving up.

By 1911, Berlin stood empty as mining stopped making money. The once-busy town fell silent as people left for better opportunities elsewhere.

Nearby Union, which had grown during Berlin’s good years, also declined as the district’s future dimmed. Both towns shared success and eventual abandonment.

The Cyanide Mill’s Final Years

Engineer Alfred Smith built a 50-ton cyanide plant below the main mill around 1910. This facility represented a final attempt to make money from Berlin’s mines.

The cyanide operation processed leftover waste material to recover gold and silver that earlier methods missed. This technique extended Berlin’s productive life.

From 1911 to 1914, this small cyanide plant kept running while the main mine stayed closed. It marked the last active mining effort in Berlin’s history.

All mining in the area stopped for good by 1914. The valuable ore had run out, making further mining unprofitable even with better processing methods.

World War II Salvage Operations

During World War II, workers stripped Berlin’s stamp mill of metal parts for the war effort. These materials helped make military equipment during national mobilization.

Salvage crews took machinery, pipes, rails, and other reusable items from the ghost town. Metal from Berlin’s equipment found new use in weapons and vehicles.

Despite this wartime salvaging, Berlin stayed more intact than many ghost towns because of its remote location. Being hard to reach protected many buildings from complete dismantling.

The Nevada Company kept ownership throughout this period. This prevented the total destruction that happened to many abandoned mining towns.

The Surprising Discovery That Saved Berlin

Scientist Dr. Siemon Muller found fossilized ichthyosaur remains near Berlin in 1928. These ancient sea reptile fossils were 225 million years old, from when an ocean covered Nevada.

Ichthyosaurs were huge marine hunters that looked somewhat like dolphins but grew much bigger. They swam in ancient seas long before dinosaurs ruled the land.

Formal digging of the fossil site began in 1954 under scientists Dr. Charles Camp and Dr. Samuel Welles. Their work showed how important the discovery was.

These unexpected fossils ultimately saved Berlin from falling apart. Interest in the ichthyosaur remains led to protection efforts that included the nearby ghost town.

Visiting Berlin-Ichthyosaur State Park (Nevada)

You’ll find Berlin-Ichthyosaur State Park in central Nevada, about 23 miles east of Gabbs via State Route 844. The park offers self-guided tours of the ghost town with interpretive signs explaining each building’s history.

Take the guided tour of the Diana Mine on weekends from May through September to see original mining equipment underground. Visit the Fossil House to view the remains of ancient marine reptiles that once swam in a prehistoric ocean.

Bring cash or checks for entrance fees, as credit cards aren’t accepted. Pack water, food, and fuel as no services exist nearby.

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